NURHANIYYAH, Siti (2022) Pengaruh Pemberian Nanopartikel Ekstrak Etanol Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) terhadap Histopatologi Ginjal pada Tikus Jantan yang Diinduksi Streptozotocin. Skripsi thesis, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman.

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Abstract

Abstrak PENGARUH PEMBERIAN NANOPARTIKEL EKSTRAK ETANOL SAMBILOTO (Andrographis Paniculata) TERHADAP HISTOPATOLOGI GINJAL PADA TIKUS JANTAN YANG DIINDUKSI STREPTOZOTOCIN Siti Nurhaniyah, Dadhang Wahyu Kurniawan, Dody Novrial Latar Belakang: Prevalensi diabetes melitus mengalami peningkatan dan pada kondisi jangka panjang menyebabkan gangguan organ, salah satunya ginjal. Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) diketahui memiliki aktivitas antidiabetes. Modifikasi nanopartikel ekstrak etanol sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) dilakukan untuk membantu meningkatkan efektivitas terapi terhadap penyakit diabetes melitus. Induksi streptozotosin digunakan untuk membuat tikus menjadi diabetes dan mengakibatkan adanya kerusakan pada ginjal. Dengan diberikan nanopartikel ekstrak etanol sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata melalui aktivitas antioksidan diharapkan dapat membantu memberikan perlindungan untuk kerusakan ginjal karena diabetes melitus. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian nanopartikel ekstrak etanol sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) terhadap histopatologi ginjal tikus jantan yang diinduksi streptozotocin. Metodologi: Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimental laboratorium post test only with control group design terhadap hewan uji tikus putih jantan dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL).Subjek penelitian adalah tikus jantan wistar usia 2-3 bulan dengan berat badan 150-200 gram sebanyak 30 ekor. Subjek penelitian dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok dan masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 5 tikus yaitu kelompok A (kontrol sehat), B (kontrol sakit= streptozotocin), C (kontrol positif= streptozotocin+glibenklamid), D (streptozotocin+ekstrak etanol sambiloto), E (streptozotocin+nanopartikel ekstrak etanol sambiloto), dan F (streptozotocin+nanopartikel kosong). Pada minggu 1 tikus diaklimatisasi, dan minggu ke 2 diberikan induksi streptozotocin 40 mg/kgBB selama selama 5 hari kecuali kelompok A secara intraperitoneal. Pada minggu ke 3 dan 4 diberikan perlakuan sampel lain terbagi menjadi 4 kali secara peroral. Selanjutnya dilakukan euthanasia dislokasi dan pembedahan setelah 30 hari penelitian. Dilakukan pengambilan organ ginjal dan fiksasi. Selanjutnya penyiapan preparat organ menggunakan pewarna HE (Hematoksilin Eosin) dan dilanjutkan pengamatan gambaran histopatologi preparat ginjal menggunakan mikroskop digital dengan perbesaran 400x dari 5 lapang pandang. Dilakukan skoring berdasarkan kriteria 0= tidak ada kerusakan, 1= <30%, 2= 30-50%, dan 3= >50%. Hasil Skoring antara peneliti dan interobserver di uji nilai kappa. Hasil tersebut kemudian di uji normalitas, homogen, uji kruskal wallis, dan pos hoc mann-whitney (p>0,05). Hasil Penelitian: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna dari hasil uji kruskal wallis pada masing-masing kelompok dengan nilai (p<0,05) kecuali pada parameter hydrophic degeneration. Pada uji hoc mann-whitney melihat perbandingan yang signifikan antara kelompok E dan A pada parameter granular cast, protein cast, dan hydrophic degeneration menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (p > 0,05). Kelompok E vs kelompok D pada parameter granular cast, cellular cast, dan hydrophic degeneration menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (p > 0,05). Kelompok C vs kelompok E pada parameter granular cast menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (p < 0,05). Kesimpulan: Terdapat pengaruh yang cukup signifikan pemberian nanopartikel ekstrak etanol sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) terhadap histopatologi ginjal tikus jantan yang diinduksi streptozotocin. Kata Kunci: Nanopartikel ekstrak etanol sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata), Histopatologi Ginjal, Streptozotocin. Abstract EFFECT OF SAMBILOTO (Andrographis Paniculata) ETHANOLIC EXTRACT NANOPARTICLES ON RENAL HISTOPATHOLOGY IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED MALE RATS Siti Nurhaniyah, Dadhang Wahyu Kurniawan, Dody Novrial Background: The prevalence of Diabetes mellitus has increased and in long-term conditions it causes other organ disorders, one of them the kidneys. Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) has antidiabetic activity. Modification of sambiloto ethanolic extract (Andrographis paniculata) into nanoparticles is supposed to increas its effectiveness for the treatmen of diabetes mellitus. Streptozotocin induction is used to make mice into diabetes and cause kidney damage. By being given ethanolic extract of sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) through antioxidant activity, it is purpose provide protection for kidney damage due to diabetes mellitus. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of nanoparticles of ethanolic extract of sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) on the kidney histopathology of streptozotocin induced male rats. Methodology: This type of research is experimental laboratory post test only with control group design on male white rats using a completely randomized design (CRD). The subjects of this study were male wistar rats aged 2-3 months with a body weight of 150-200 grams a number of 30 rats. The research subjects were divided into 6 groups and each group consisted of 5 rats, they group A (healthy control), B (sick control = streptozotocin), C (positive control = streptozotocin + glibenclamide), D (streptozotocin + sambiloto ethanolic extract), E (streptozotocin + sambiloto ethanolic extract nanoparticles), and F (streptozotocin + empty nanoparticles). The rats were acclimatized for the first week, and week after the rats were induced by streptozotocin 40 mg/kgBW for 5 days except for group A, intraperitoneally.Then, the rats were treatment by glibenclamide, sambiloto ethanolic extract, sambiloto ethanolic extract nanoparticles, and empty nanoparticles times in two week later, orally. Furthermore, dislocation euthanasia and surgery were performed after 30 days of the intervention. Kidneys were removed and fixed, afterward, the kidneys were stained using HE (Haematoxylin Eosin). The observation of histopathological images of kidney preparations was performed using a digital microscope with a magnification of 400x from 5 fields of view. Scoring was carried out based on the criteria 0 = no damage, 1 = <30%, 2 = 30-50%, and 3 = >50%. Scoring results between researchers and interobservers are tested for kappa values. The results were then tested for normality, homogeneity, Kruskal Wallis test, and post hoc Mann-Whitney (p>0.05). Results: There is a significant difference from the results of the Kruskal wallis test in each group with a value (p <0.05) except for the kycope degeneration parameter. In the hoc max-Whitney test, there is a significant comparison between groups E and A on the parameters of granular cast, protein cast, and hydrophic degeneration showed no significant difference (p>0.05) group E vs group D on the parameters of granular cast, cellular cast, and hydrophic degeneration showed no significant difference significant (p>0.05) group C vs group E on granular cast parameters showed a significant difference (p<0.05). Conclusions: There is a significant effect of administration of sambiloto ethanolic extract nanoparticles on the histopathology of male rat kidney streptozotocin-induced. Keywords: Nanoparticles, sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) ethanolic extract, kidney histopathology, streptozotocin, diabetes mellitus

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