RAHARJA, Neptu Islamy (2017) Populasi kandidat rhizobakteri pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman (RPPT) pada tanah lahan bekas tambang batubara. Skripsi thesis, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman.

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Abstract

The mining industry was not only generated foreign exchange but also produce the negative impact in the form of environmental damage. Open mining systems on the surface soil changed landscapes of soil and ecosystem equilibrium on the surface soil. This causes the structure of the land was overburden and topsoil mixed or goes down in the inner layer. Carrying capacity of the post-mining topsoil for plant growth to be low, a decline in soil nutrient status and microbial populations and changing the microclimate was not good for living organisms. Indirectly, it can affect the growth of plants. The existence of potential soil microbes could played a very important role for the development and survival of plants. One group of microbes that have an important role in soil fertilizer is Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). The purpose of this study was to find out the total population bacteria on the coal mined land, to find out bacteria land of origin coal mined land that has characteristics as a candidate PGPR and to find out the state of biochemical the soil at the coal mined land. This research used survey method with several steps such as isolation bacteria from coal mined land, selection of bacteria as candidate PGPR, identification bacteria as PGPR potential, and measurement of the quality of biochemistry land. Bacteria was selection into candidates PGPR such as the ability in dissolving organic phosphates, fixation nitrogen, produce growing hormone (IAA) and siderophore. Isolates bacteria was identified by macromorphology-micromorphology observations and biochemical tests. The results showed that the total number of bacteria on the coal mined land varied at every location, L1 with the shortest reclamation had the lowest population of bacteria, whereas in L3 locations had the highest population of bacteria. Bacteria isolates originated from the coal mined land showed characteristics as PGPR candidates due to they were able to in dissolve phosphate, to fix nitrogen, to produce growing hormone (IAA), and siderophore. The biochemical conditions of the soil at three different locations coal mined lands in accordance with the length time of the reclamation. L3 with the longest reclamation had better condition biochemical than the other of the two locations. Industri pertambangan tidak hanya menghasilkan devisa tetapi juga menghasilkan dampak negatif berupa kerusakan lingkungan. Sistem penambangan terbuka yang berada di permukaan tanah banyak mengubah bentang lahan dan keseimbangan ekosistem permukaan tanah. Hal tersebut menyebabkan struktur tanah penutup rusak dan tanah lapisan atas bercampur ataupun terbenam di lapisan dalam. Daya dukung tanah lapisan atas pasca penambangan untuk pertumbuhan tanaman menjadi rendah, terjadi penurunan status hara tanah dan populasi mikroba, serta merubah iklim mikro menjadi kurang baik untuk organisme hidup. Secara tidak langsung, hal tersebut akan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman. Keberadaan mikroba tanah potensial dapat memainkan peranan sangat penting bagi perkembangan dan kelangsungan hidup tanaman. Salah satu kelompok mikroba yang memiliki peranan penting dalam menyuburkan tanah adalah Rhizobakteri Pemacu Pertumbuhan Tanaman (RPPT) atau Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui populasi bakteri pada tanah lahan bekas tambang batubara, mengetahui bakteri tanah asal lahan bekas tambang batubara yang memiliki karakteristik sebagai kandidat RPPT dan mengetahui kondisi biokimiawi tanah pada lahan bekas tambang batubara. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survey secara deskriptif. Tahapan penelitian meliputi isolasi bakteri dari tanah bekas tambang batubara, seleksi bakteri kandidat RPPT, karakterisasi isolat bakteri RPPT potensial, dan pengukuran kualitas biokimia tanah. Seleksi bakteri kandidat RPPT mencakup kemampuan dalam melarutkan fosfat organik, menambat nitrogen, menghasilkan hormon tumbuh IAA dan siderophore. Identifikasi isolat bakteri mencakup pengamatan morfologi dan biokimiawi. Hasil penelitian yaitu total populasi bakteri pada lahan bekas tambang batubara bervariasi pada tiap lokasi, lokasi L1 dengan waktu reklamasi terpendek memiliki populasi bakteri terrendah, sedangkan pada lokasi L3 memiliki populasi bakteri tertinggi. Isolat bakteri asal lahan bekas tambang batubara memiliki karakteristik sebagai kandidat RPPT yaitu memiliki kemampuan dalam melarutkan fosfat, menambat nitrogen, penghasil hormon tumbuh IAA, dan penghasil siderofor. Kondisi biokimiawi tanah pada 3 lokasi lahan bekas tambang batubara berbeda sesuai dengan lama umur reklamasi. L3 dengan umur reklamasi terlama memiliki kondisi biokimiawi yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan dua lokasi yang lain..

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