PRASTIWI, Yerima Dian (2025) Aktivitas Nanopartikel Ekstrak Bunga Kecombrang Berbasis Karboksimetil Kitosan terhadap Degradasi Biofilm Prevotella Intermedia Penyebab Periodontitis. Skripsi thesis, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman.

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Abstract

Prevotella intermedia merupakan bakteri oportunistik yang berperan dalam penyakit periodontitis. Bunga kecombrang dilaporkan berpotensi menjadi bahan antibakteri dan antibiofilm yang aktivitasnya dapat ditingkatkan dengan membentuknya menjadi nanopartikel menggunakan polimer karboksimetil kitosan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas nanopartikel ekstrak bunga kecombrang berbasis karboksimetil kitosan terhadap degradasi biofilm Prevotella intermedia. Penelitian yang dilakukan berupa eksperimental laboratorium in vitro dengan posttest only control group design. Sampel penelitian berupa biofilm Prevotella intermedia yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok yaitu kelompok perlakuan nanopartikel ekstrak bunga kecombrang berbasis karboksimetil kitosan konsentrasi 15 mg/mL, 25 mg/mL, 35 mg/mL, kontrol positif chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2%, dan kontrol sediaan nanopartikel tanpa ekstrak. Nanopartikel dikarakterisasi menggunakan particle size analyzer. Uji degradasi dilakukan menggunakan microtiter plate assay dengan pewarnaan kristal violet 1%. Analisis data menggunakan One-way ANOVA dan post hoc LSD. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa seluruh kelompok perlakuan konsentrasi 15 mg/mL, 25 mg/mL, dan 35 mg/mL memiliki aktivitas terhadap degradasi biofilm (p < 0,05). Pada konsentrasi 35 mg/mL menunjukkan aktivitas yang sama dengan kontrol positif (p > 0,05). Simpulan penelitian ini adalah terdapat aktivitas nanopartikel ekstrak bunga kecombrang berbasis karboksimetil kitosan terhadap degradasi biofilm Prevotella intermedia, sehingga berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi bahan alternatif pencegahan penyakit periodontal. Prevotella intermedia is an opportunistic bacterium that plays a role in periodontitis. Torch ginger flowers have been reported to have potential as an antibacterial and antibiofilm agent, and their activity can be enhanced by forming them into nanoparticles using carboxymethyl chitosan polymer. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of carboxymethyl chitosan-based nanoparticles containing torch ginger flower extract in degrading Prevotella intermedia biofilms. The research was conducted as in vitro laboratory experiments with a posttest-only control group design. The Prevotella intermedia biofilm research sample was divided into five groups: a treatment group with 15, 25, or 35 mg/mL of carboxymethyl chitosan-based torch ginger flower extract nanoparticles; a positive control group with 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate; and a control group with nanoparticle preparations without extract. The nanoparticles were characterized using a particle size analyzer. A degradation test was performed using a microtiter plate assay with 1% crystal violet staining. One-way ANOVA and post hoc LSD were used for data analysis. The results showed that all concentrations of the treatment group (15, 25, and 35 mg/mL) had activity against biofilm degradation (p < 0.05). The 35 mg/mL concentration exhibited similar activity to the positive control (p > 0.05). In conclusion, carboxymethyl chitosan-based torch ginger flower extract nanoparticles exhibit activity against Prevotella intermedia biofilm degradation and have the potential to be developed as an alternative material for preventing periodontal disease.

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