PRASETYANINGTYAS, Hafsah Dwi (2025) Pengaruh Likuiditas, Struktur Modal, dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Return Saham Pada Perusahaan Sektor Perbankan yang Terdaftar di BEI Periode 2022-2024. Skripsi thesis, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman.
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Abstract
Harga saham mencerminkan seberapa besar permintaan dibandingkan dengan penawaran untuk suatu saham. Minat beli investor yang semakin banyak, maka harga saham akan meningkat. Fluktuasi harga saham dapat mempengaruhi pengembalian (return) kepada investor karena keuntungan atau kerugian didapatkan dari selisih harga beli dan harga jual saham. Risiko tinggi tercermin dari ketidakpastian return yang akan diterima oleh investor di masa depan. Return yang diharapkan oleh investor terdiri dari dua komponen yaitu dividen dan capital gain. Keputusan investasi dapat dilakukan dengan menganalisis laporan kinerja keuangan perusahaan untuk meminimalisir risiko yang akan dihadapi investor. Hasil laporan serta kinerja yang baik, akan mendatangkan minat para investor yang berdampak pada banyaknya jumlah investor serta menentukan tingginya nilai return saham yang akan didapat oleh para calon investor. Penelitian ini berjudul “Pengaruh Likuiditas, Struktur Modal, dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Return Saham Pada Perusahaan Sektor Perbankan Yang Terdaftar Di BEI Periode 2022-2024”. Penelitian ini mengangkat permasalahan terkait (1) Apakah likuiditas berpengaruh terhadap return saham, (2) Apakah struktur modal berpengaruh terhadap return saham, (3) Apakah ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh terhadap return saham. Baik permasalahan maupun tujuan penelitian saling berkaitan sehingga tujuan penelitian ini (1) Menganalisis pengaruh likuiditas terhadap return saham perusahaan sektor perbankan (2) Menganalisis pengaruh struktur modal terhadap return saham perusahaan sektor perbankan (3) Menganalisis pengaruh ukuran perusahaan terhadap return saham perusahaan perbankan. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori utama yaitu teori sinyal dalam melihat hubungan likuiditas, struktur modal, dan ukuran perusahaaan terhadap return saham. Teori sinyal digunakan untuk melihat perusahaan dalam menyampaikan informasi penting yang berpengaruh terhadap keputusan investasi pihak eksternal dalam bentuk laporan keuangan dan laporan kegiatan yang biasanya diterbitkan sebelum pengumuman penjualan saham. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif yang bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara dua variabel atau lebih. Suatu gejala dapat dijelaskan atau dikontrol dengan teori yang dibangun pada penelitian. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang berasal dari laporan tahunan dan laporan keuangan perusahaan. Data sekunder yang berupa laporan tahunan dan laporan keuangan diperoleh dari Bursa Efek Indonesia maupun situs resmi perusahaan. Populasi yang digunakan adalah perusahaan sektor perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2022, 2023, dan 2024. Pemilihan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan pertimbangan tertentu sesuai kriteria yang telah ditentukan, sehingga menghasilkan 126 data penelitian dalam periode pengamatan selama 3 tahun. Data tersebut mengandung nilai ekstrim yang menyebabkan data tidak terdistribusi normal sehingga melakukan outlier dengan box plot yang menghasilkan 66 data atau 22 perusahaan sektor perbankan yang lolos uji outlier. Program pengolahan melalui Econometric Views versi 12 dengan metode analisis yang digunakan meliputi analisis statistik deksriptif, pemilihan model regresi data panel, uji pemilihan model, uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi data panel, uji koofisien determinasi, uji F, dan uji t. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menggunakan Econometric Views versi 12 menunjukkan (1) Likuiditas yang diproksikan menggunakan current ratio tidak berpengaruh terhadap return saham (2) Struktur modal yang dapat diukur dengan Debt to Equity Ratio tidak berpengaruh terhadap return saham (3) Ukuran perusahaan yang dilihat dengan total aset yang dimiliki berpengaruh positif terhadap return saham. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, dapat diketahui bahwa semakin besar suatu aset yang dimiliki perusahaan maka return yang dihasilkan akan meningkat karena investor akan menanamkan sahamnya pada perusahaan. Investor memandang perusahaan dengan aset yang besar sebagai good news karena dapat menghasilkan keuntungan serta cenderung bisa menghadapi gejolak ekonomi dan tidak mudah bangkrut. Bagi perusahaan penelitian ini dapat memberikan gambaran sebagai pertimbangan tentang faktor – faktor yang perlu diperhatikan dalam memengaruhi besar kecilnya return saham perusahaan seperti ukuran perusahaan sehingga menghasilkan laba yang maksimal dan meningkatkan harga saham perusahaan. Bagi Investor penelitian ini dapat membantu dalam memutuskan untuk berinvestasi dan memberikan informasi tentang return saham dengan melihat ukuran suatu perusahaan dan lebih mempertimbangan faktor-faktor lain seperti kebijakan dividen, tingkat suku bunga, inflasi, dan nilai tukar rupiah untuk memperoleh pemahaman yang lebih lengkap. Kata Kunci: Likuiditas, Struktur Modal, Ukuran Perusahaan, Return Saham Stock prices reflect the level of demand relative to supply for a particular stock. As investor interest increases, stock prices will rise. Fluctuations in stock prices can affect returns to investors because profits or losses are derived from the difference between the purchase price and the selling price of the stock. High risk is reflected in the uncertainty of future returns for investors. The returns expected by investors consist of two components: dividends and capital gains. Investment decisions can be made by analyzing a company's financial performance reports to minimize the risks faced by investors. Good results and performance will attract investor interest, leading to an increase in the number of investors and determining the high value of stock returns that potential investors will receive. This study is titled “The Influence of Liquidity, Capital Structure, and Firm Size on Stock Returns in the Banking Sector Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the Period 2022-2024”. This study addresses the following research problems: (1) Does liquidity affect stock returns? (2) Does capital structure affect stock returns? and (3) Does firm size affect stock returns? Both the research problems and objectives are interrelated. Therefore, the objectives of this study are as follows: (1) To analyze the effect of liquidity on stock returns of companies in the banking sector, (2) To analyze the effect of capital structure on stock returns of companies in the banking sector, and (3) To analyze the effect of firm size on stock returns of companies in the banking companies. This study employs signaling theory as the primary theoretical framework to examine the relationship between liquidity, capital structure, and firm size with stock returns. Signaling theory is used to explain how companies convey important information that influences external parties investment decisions, particularly through financial statements and activity reports, which are typically published prior to stock offering announcements. This study adopts signaling theory as the primary theoretical framework to examine the relationship between liquidity, capital structure, and firm size with stock returns. Signaling theory is used to explain how companies convey important information that influences external parties’ investment decisions, particularly through financial statements and activity reports, which are typically published prior to stock offering announcements. The method used in this study is a quantitative approach, which aims to examine the relationship between two or more variables. A phenomenon can be explained or controlled through theories developed within the research framework. The type of data used is secondary data derived from annual reports and company financial statements. Secondary data in the form of annual reports and financial statements are obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange and the companies official websites. The population in this study consists of banking sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the years 2022, 2023, and 2024. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling method based on specific criteria established by the researcher. As a result, a total of 126 research data points were obtained over the three-year observation period. The data contained extreme values that caused it to deviate from a normal distribution. Therefore, an outlier test was conducted using a box plot, resulting in 66 usable data points representing 22 banking sector companies that passed the outlier test. Data processing was carried out using Econometric Views (EViews) version 12. The analytical methods employed in this study include descriptive statistical analysis, panel data regression model selection, model selection tests, classical assumption tests, panel data regression analysis, coefficient of determination test, F-test, and t-test. Based on the results of research using Econometric Views version 12, it shows that (1) liquidity proxied using the current ratio has no effect on stock returns, (2) capital structure measured by the debt-to-equity ratio has no effect on stock returns, and (3) company size as measured by total assets has a positive effect on stock returns. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the greater the total assets owned by a company, the higher the stock return it tends to generate. This is because investors are more likely to invest in companies with substantial assets. Such companies are perceived by investors as delivering “good news,” as they are considered capable of generating profits, withstanding economic fluctuations, and being less prone to bankruptcy. For companies, this research can provide an overview of factors that need to be considered in influencing the size of a company's stock returns, such as company size, in order to generate maximum profits and increase the company's stock price. For investors, this research can help them decide whether to invest and provide information about stock returns by looking at the size of a company and considering other factors such as dividend policy, interest rates, inflation, and the rupiah exchange rate to gain a more complete understanding. Keywords: Liquidity, Capital Structure, Company Size, Stock Return
| Item Type: | Thesis (Skripsi) |
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| Nomor Inventaris: | C25464 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Likuiditas, Struktur Modal, Ukuran Perusahaan, Return Saham, Liquidity, Capital Structure, Company Size, Stock Return |
| Subjects: | B > B36 Banks and banking S > S711 Stocks |
| Divisions: | Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis > S1 Akuntansi |
| Depositing User: | Mrs. Hafsah Dwi Prasetyaningtyas |
| Date Deposited: | 03 Sep 2025 06:53 |
| Last Modified: | 03 Sep 2025 06:53 |
| URI: | http://repository.unsoed.ac.id/id/eprint/37320 |
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