IMANINGSIH, Witiyasti (2023) Eksplorasi Potensi Fungi Endofit Cabai Rawit Varietas Hiyung Asal Kalimantan Selatan. Doctoral thesis, UNIVERSITAS JENDERAL SOEDIRMAN.

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Abstract

Hiyung chili (Capsicum frutescens L) is a local chili from Hyung village, Tapin Regency, South Kalimantan Province which has the advantage of being cultivated using an agricultural system in swamp land, with quite high production and is known to have a high capsaicin content. This advantage is thought to be related to its symbiosis with endophytic microbes, especially fungi. In the first research topic, 4 selected non-pathogenic endophytic fungi were successfully isolated from the leaf tissue of this plant, which based on morphological and molecular identification showed the species Pseudozyma hubeiensis DM3.1, Phoma sp. DT2.2P1, Letendraea sp. DM1.2 and Phoma sp. DT2.2P4. The four endophytic fungi showed varying abilities in dealing with acid stress. Only the P. hubeiensis DM3.1 isolate had a daily colony diameter that was not significantly different based on the Anova test (α: 0.05, F: 1.092, P: 0.372) at pH 5, 4 or 3 and without pH treatment. All four were also able to inhibit the Fusarium oxysporum fungus. IPBCC 88 0012 and Colletotrichum truncatum IPBCC 91 0248 both in the dual culture test, sandwich culture and in varying amounts of direct administration of the filtrate to the media. Screening of bioactive substances from ethanol extracts using GC-MS showed that all four produced different bioactive substances. The bioactive substances with the highest relative area percentage are (erythritol-P. hubeiensis DM3.1), (glycerin-Phoma sp. DT2.2P1 and Letendraea sp. DM1.2) and isosorbide dinitrate (Phoma sp. DT2.2P4) . The four selected endophytic fungal species have been registered in the NCBI Gen Bank with accession numbers OQ780778, OQ780779, OQ780780 and OQ780781 for P. hubeiensis DM3.1, Phoma sp. DT2.2P1, Letendraea sp. DM1.2 and Phoma sp. DT2.2P4 respectively. All four are tolerant to the heavy metal Pb in vitro in both solid and liquid media with varying Tolerance Index (IT). In vivo tests on Hiyung chili plants were carried out on selected FE isolates to test their tolerance to the heavy metal Pb. Giving 1000 ppm Pb showed varying results for each endophytic fungal (FE) treatment. Pb was detected in roots > leaves > fruit. The highest Pb biosorption (86.594%) occurred in the Phoma sp treatment. DT2.2P4. The transfer factor (FT) of Pb from soil to plant parts and from one plant part to another varies. Giving FE also affected the number of capsaicin blisters in the pericarpium of Hiyung chili fruit. The ability to produce Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in vitro was also proven in the four FEs both with and without the addition of tryptophan (Trp) to the growth medium. The application of FE supernatant only affected the number of lateral roots and had no effect on root length, number of leaves or crown length of Hiyung chili plants. Endophytic fungi from Hiyung chilies also have the ability to produce capsaicin which is detected using HPLC. Amplification of genes involved in capsaicin biosynthesis, namely Csy-1 and p-AMT, in selected FE genes (Phoma sp. DT2.2P4 and P. hubeiensis DM3.1) did not occur.

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