JAUHARI, Risma Sawalina (2025) Analisis Pembentukan Awan Konvektif Menggunakan Metode Raob (Studi kasus Banjir 17 Maret 2019 di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta). Skripsi thesis, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman.

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Abstract

Banjir yang melanda Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta pada 17 Maret 2019 disebabkan oleh tingginya intensitas hujan akibat pengaruh topan "Savannah." Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis proses pembentukan awan konvektif yang berkontribusi terhadap terjadinya banjir menggunakan metode Program Observasi Rawinsonde (RAOB) dan kecocokan penggunaan data Radiosonde untuk Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Data yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini mencakup data radiosonde dari Stasiun Meteorologi Cilacap, citra satelit Himawari-8, serta data curah hujan dari Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Analisis dilakukan dengan mengevaluasi parameter atmosfer seperti suhu, tekanan, kelembapan, dan kecepatan angin untuk menentukan nilai indeks labilitas atmosfer, termasuk K-Indeks, Total-Totals Indeks, dan SWEAT-Indeks. Selain itu, data citra satelit digunakan untuk mendeteksi pertumbuhan awan konvektif berdasarkan suhu puncak awan, sementara data curah hujan dipetakan menggunakan perangkat lunak ArcGIS untuk memverifikasi dampak pembentukan awan konvektif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada tanggal 17 Maret 2019 terjadi peningkatan signifikan dalam aktivitas konvektif, yang ditandai dengan nilai indeks labilitas atmosfer dalam kategori sedang hingga tinggi serta suhu puncak awan yang mencapai -80°C, menandakan terjadinya awan Cumulonimbus. Namun, analisis membuktikan bahwa pemakaian data radiosonde dari Cilacap kurang cocok untuk pengamatan atmosfer di Yogyakarta mengingat jarak stasiun yang cukup jauh. Penelitian ini mengonfirmasi adanya peran penting pertumbuhan awan konvektif dalam kejadian banjir dan menekankan pentingnya pemantauan atmosfer dengan data radiosonde yang lebih representatif guna meningkatkan akurasi prediksi cuaca ekstrem di kawasan tersebut. Kata kunci: Awan Konvektif, RAOB, Radiosonde, Citra Satelit Himawari-8, Curah Hujan, Banjir Yogyakarta ABSTRACT The flood that hit the Special Region of Yogyakarta on March 17, 2019 was caused by the high intensity of rain due to the influence of typhoon “Savannah.” This study aims to analyze the process of convective cloud formation that contributes to flooding using the Rawinsonde Observation Program (RAOB) method and the suitability of using Radiosonde data for the DIY region. The data used in this study include radiosonde data from Cilacap Meteorological Station, Himawari-8 satellite images, and rainfall data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). The analysis was conducted by evaluating atmospheric parameters such as temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed to determine the value of atmospheric lability indices, including K-Index, Total-Totals Index, and SWEAT-Index. In addition, satellite image data was used to detect convective cloud growth based on cloud-top temperatures, while rainfall data was mapped using ArcGIS software to verify the impact of convective cloud formation. The results showed that on March 17, 2019 there was a significant increase in convective activity, characterized by atmospheric lability index values in the medium to high category and cloud-top temperatures reaching -80°C, signaling the occurrence of Cumulonimbus clouds. However, the analysis proved that the use of radiosonde data from Cilacap is less suitable for atmospheric observations in Yogyakarta given the long distance between the stations. This study confirms the important role of convective cloud growth in flood events and emphasizes the importance of atmospheric monitoring with more representative radiosonde data to improve the accuracy of extreme weather predictions in the region. Keywords: Convective Clouds, RAOB, Radiosonde, Himawari-8 Satellite Image, Rainfall, Yogyakarta Floods

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